| 10 March |
Turntable Basics |
Many phonographs “general public “is presented as a kind of bag, with removable lid contained the speaker . These devices must remain affordable to a wider audience, which meant that their cost should be moderate. This was reflected for example by using a single speaker broadband, by the method of construction of the unit, did not restore the sounds in a narrow range of frequencies, but sufficient to ensure public enjoyment listen to his records.
The base of the unit supported the turntable which itself consisted of a pickup typically piezoelectric supported by an articulated arm, and a plateau dimensions generally quite small, the order of 20 cm in diameter, rotated by an electric motor, and on which the disc was placed to listen. This disc was centered by a pin in the center of the plateau. If some models were equipped with an electronic regulation of the speed of rotation, usually remained this control primitive, based on a switch and a device for weights secured to the motor shaft actuated by centrifugal force. Often, this regulation was nonexistent. In this case, the motor then type AC asynchronous slip-ring, whose dependence on the frequency sector provided reasonably stable speed. The standard speeds are 33 rpm, 45 rpm and 78 rpm sometimes for the sake of re-reading of old 78 rpm records and, in some models 16 revolutions per minute (standard rather undeveloped). The base still contained a preamplifier and an amplifier . To improve the signal to noise ratio of the disk recording, high frequencies are pre-emphasized, that is to say, recorded at a level above their natural level. When playing, a deemphasis reduced their level to bring it back to its nominal value. The standard by which these processes takes place, the same for all record producers, is defined by the “Record Industry Association of America” and known by the acronym ” RIAA curve “. Phonographs generally failed to meet this standard only very approximate.
The principle of reading analog : what are the irregularities of the track groove of the record read by the head that generate the electrical signal to the preamplifier . Discs can be monophonic or stereophonic .
Subsequently, with the advent of hi-fi, we dissociated the amplification of the reading itself, performed by a device referred to as “platinum”. That device is the only one still commonly sold for personal use. The plates are intended for a quality reproduction of a spectrum as wide as possible, which extends approximately from 25 Hz to 25 kHz. The requirements for their manufacture are considerably stricter than those imposed on phonographs. Their plate has a diameter slightly larger than that of playing records of 30 cm and the level of permissible noise is extremely low, especially at low frequencies. They are equipped with DC motors and precise electronic control of the speed of rotation, or reciprocating engines which are synchronous rotating a heavy plate through an elastic strap. Their pickup is a magnetic head, heads of different piezoelectric, and outputs an electrical signal considerably lower, in the order of about 5 mV. They require a preamplifier special strictly respects the carpet cleaning Kansas City standard RIAA. Such a preamplifier, designated as the “preamp” correction, is generally included in the hi-fi equipment of good quality, but can also be installed in a separate box.
Snap Disc
Devices also include “snap disc”, especially for children, the late 1960s to the 1980s: it is no longer strictly speaking a plate where the user takes (from English to pick up ) the tone arm and put it on disk, but a record player with a slot in which the 45 rpm records are inserted. The device automatically reads the disc and its ejection takes place at the touch of a button. Their size does not allow them to play 33 rpm discs, larger.
Current use
Phonographs tended to disappear from the onset of readers of compact discs . But the analogue reproduction found favor with a resurgence of reprinting of vinyl discs . The gramophone’s most famous and most sought after by collectors is the Teppaz .With turntables, analog signal is transmitted to an amplifier and then to the speakers . For CD players, some new amplifiers having no analog input with RIAA standards: it is necessary to connect a pre-correction amplifier between the turntable and amplifier. Many computer programs allow you to use a computer with a sound card to transcribe vinyl to CD. However, their use requires the installation of a pre-amplifier offset between the plate and the line input of said sound card. Some DJs use vinyl decks to develop special sound effects like scratching where the disk is handled by hand.
Recently, the production of turntables has seen a revival thanks to the growing number of DJs, including music playing techno or hip-hop . The reference plate in professional circles is the Technics 1210 MK2, which serves as standard in most clubs in the world. New brands of turntables have appeared in the early 2000s, such as Numark or Vestax. This new life of the turntable is however threatened by the appearance of simulators of “touch” vinyl like Final Scratch or Traktor , independent or using a computer through a port USB to emulate turntables.
Numerous recordings on vinyl will never be transcribed onto CDs. It will therefore always a way to listen. In addition, some music lovers have nightclubs that contain thousands of records. Replace all these LPs with CDs would require the investment of considerable sums that are not accessible to everyone … Even if it has become marginal, the market for turntables still seems likely to continue. Some music lovers still listen today, on their decks and in the privacy of their homes, vinyl records in their collection, blaming the CD principle of sampling and sound a little too sanitized due to the limitation of its range frequency spread of 20Hz to 20KHz, average theoretical limits of the human ear (with continuous sinusoidal sound, non-musical). Lovers of vinyl records plébiscitent the chiropractic seminars warm sound they produce and some claim that the cracks that are heard when listening to records older give them their charm. However, when the monitoring system is of sufficient quality and stereo, no longer hindered by the crackle as they are rendered “out of phase”, are seen as localized behind the listener, and are detached completely from the music that is perceived mainly at the front, located “between the speakers.”
Playhead gramophone.
The disc tray is driven by a small electric motor. In a plate, there are three types of drive tray:
Direct Drive: The motor rotates the turntable directly to the axis of the disk tray resting place. The plate is secured to the engine. This allows a torque higher, ideal for DJs who work directly on the disk, but transmits all engine vibrations to drive through the set, the engine multipole rotating very slowly. The reproduction quality is directly dependent on the quality of manufacture of the engine.
belt drive: the engine of the plate drives a belt which rotates the axis of the plate. The belt absorbs vibrations of the engine. Its elongation results in signs of wow. The manufacture of belts for turntables with the principle of cutting a tube . Qualities of different materials exist, the conditioning of the transmission, and therefore of sound reproduction. The lifetime also varies, depending largely on the material selected.
drive roller: it is placed, during playback, on the lower edge of the plate. This system was used before the belt, it is no longer in use but was used extensively in the past. The main disadvantages of this system is the transmission of engine vibrations to the tray, so the drive and pickup, and the wow wear. Indeed, the roller, pressed against the plate, tends to take an oval shape, and speed can be fickle.
Regulation and control
Some high-end plates have a system of fine adjustment of the speed of rotation of the plate. In addition to the traditional button speed selection 33/45 laps on this almost all recent plates (see illustration below, No. 14), the motor speed can be accelerated or slowed down slightly to obtain a speed optimal rotation of the disc. Of tags attached to the plate to determine the optimal speed strobe effect: When the turntable, a small light plugged in (thus the intensity of cna training which varies with = 2 × 50Hz 100Hz, 120Hz or 60Hz = 2 × in some countries) and directed onto the side of the board through a prism light guides chrome. They parade and to indicate a good speed control, must give the impression of being still in the eye of the user, as if the plate is at rest. If the marks seem to go backward or forward, the speed is not optimal and should correct it accordingly. Benchmarks are not the same spacing for speed 45 rpm or 33 rpm speed (see illustration below, No. 13 and No. 15).
A high-end Technics turntable for home use.
(Click on this preview to view the full size image)
Gramophone to play laser
In the early 1990s, the Japanese firm ELP brings to market a laser turntable to play. Two rays are responsible for reading the track, avoiding physical contact and thus slowing the disc wear. To avoid exposing the user to laser radiation, vinyl is placed in a motorized drawer, Ultra Music Festival like CD players. The quality of this support, which also helps to correct scratches and defects pressing a classic pickup would make audible, comes at a high price, the machine displays a rate of around 15,000 U.S. dollars for version as the least expensive one . Such material, relevant, for example, to digitize old recordings, may ultimately prove far less effective than a traditional deck with a dusty disk, clear or colored, factors that could cause imprecision of reading and therefore a loss of Data 2 .
Scratch (Music)
For items uses, see Scratch .
Scratching.
The scratch (or scratching ) is a method of manually change the playback speed of a vinyl record in a read head of turntables , alternately forwards and backwards, in order to stay on the sound and produce a special effect , the sound becomes more acute when it is accelerated and more severe when it slows. This manipulation of the vinyl is associated with a change in volume (increase, reduction download free ringtones now or interruption) which gives a rhythm to this modulation.
Is considered that the hand located on the vinyl control the intonation of his (high or low), while the hand located on the crossfader of the mixer controls speed of sound. There are lots of different techniques from scratch and it is a discipline still evolving. Several different techniques involved are called “Combos”. These combos bring the DJ to continually evolving the practice.
Summary [ hide ]
1 History
2 Material
3 Technical terms considerable
4 Techniques
5 References
6 See also
6.1 Related
6.2 External Links
History
The inventor of the scratch is Grand Wizard Theodore , who discovered this movement by stopping the vinyl by laying his hand on the turntable while his mother called him. Being only a child then, he could not perfect it, so it’s Grandmaster Flash who took charge.
The first piece of scratch is titled The Adventures of the Wheels of Steel by Grandmaster Flash (1981) [ref. required] . The title that introduced the scratch to the general public is Rock It to Herbie Hancock (1983) with DXT Grandmixer the decks. A passage that is very often used for scratching is the phrase “This stuff is really fresh” at the end of the song Change the Beat of Fab 5 Betty (“Beside”).
Hardware
Equipment to be used includes:
Audio amplifier or stereo , as well as speakers or speakers ,
Platinum Direct Drive (magnetic), and not a turntable with belt drive (brands Technics, Vestax, Numark, Stanton and Reloop are recommended), or direct drive turntable including “cross fader and fader” (Vestax QFO ).
Pickup or needle reading in both directions (Shure and Ortofon brands are recommended)
Disk of felt or Slipmat when the vinyl and the tray are inserted so that the vinyl can slide enough to avoid slowing down the tray of the plate,
Mixer equipped with a “Crossfader” for cutting and / or select a sound track from a deck.
Headset that allows her to choose samples and identify the beginnings of tracks unknown to the listeners,
Possibly vinyl containing sample s for the scratch often called dj tools , specially made for the scratch . Vinyls “classics” are also case.
There are vinyl “Skipless” invented by the team Dirt Style , which through an etching process to 133 bpm , used to align the same sound on multiple paths. So when the playhead jumps she always falls in the same place in the sound (eg at the start), even if it has changed its path. The duration of the sound is exactly 1, 800 seconds.
There are also vinyls “Reverse” or “inside-out” (see vinyl record) that using the two different etching processes contrast, lets you “scratch” in the anticlockwise direction, if the deck is equipped with the function ” Reverse “, reversing the direction of rotation of the plate. This type of vinyl allows a user to have left the same technique of composition and the same comfort as a right-handed.
Notable technical terms
Hand Control – Gather all the “faderless scratches” or scratch WITHOUT crossfader , just by various impulses, resistors and handling with vinyl. There are techniques to “hand runescape gold control” where both hands are on vinyl (double laser reverse bubble , for example).
Dragging – Action to go back and forth with vinyl (whatever the speed, “Baby” or click here “Scribble” )
Orbit – Time location or direction is changed during a “dragging” . A scratch is also called “orbit” when performed identically to the outbound and return the sample .
Hamster (Hamster Scratcher mode) – Discovered accidentally during a bad connection plates left and right (reverse connection), a switch (hamster / normal) will then be included by the brand in its tables Vestax PMC type. Is to “scratch” with the crossfader reverse ( crossfader right = mutes the right deck). Some think this can be faster in “flares” and gives “crabs” more complete since the crossfader is in the open “orbits” . This mode is largely democratized scratch by DJ Qbert . Technology curve inversion of sound crossfader and knobs has largely democratized and team most tables mixes oriented scratch. Vestax and Rane are the two brands most popular with DJs / turntablists .
Pinch method – Technique pioneered by D-Styles and Q-Bert , which is to start the crossfader open and click and reopen very quickly 2, 3 or 4 times with equal time between each of his cuts. As its name implies, this technique is comparable to a “pinch” quick crossfader which then emits a cut over “dry”. For the “pinch-2 clicks” (very useful for “2 clicks flare” fast), some compare the movement to a double click of computer mouse.
Crab style and Wrist Style – Many believe that the DJ “twiddles” are “2 clicks flare” and “Crabs” and “4 clicks flare” (which is technically correct). But any good practitioner knows that it is much easier to make good “twiddles” that good “2-click flares” . To overcome this confusion, then said in a flare of a “flare” that is “style wrist” when done in “pinch method” .
Crescent Scratches – They can not be performed on samples that start clearly. The “crescent” is to use the silence preceding the sample when dragging to simulate a break. A “crescent scratch” has more often the same tempo as scratch performed on the middle of the sample .
Echoes or Upfader Scratches – Bring together all the techniques that may have made with the volume controls instead of the crossfader , gradually increasing or decreasing the volume of the scratch.
Techniques
Baby (Faderless) – This technique involves making round trips in the sample smoothly and the tempo (in “crescent” or not).
Scribble (Faderless) – Same technique as the “baby” except that the “dragging” takes place on a much smaller portion of the sample and can be compared to a constant and fluid trembling hand on the vinyl. A “scribble” in “crescent” is more rhythmic. Cutting (or released) – This technique, created by DJ Grandmaster Flash , is from the beginning of the sample and to let go of the vinyl and let it run to hear the sample. Transform – This technique is most basic. It is to open the crossfader at regular intervals and tempo and, whatever the speed and variation of “dragging” . It is there for cuts (unlike the flare), but many openings with a departure from its crossfader closed. Largely associated with DJ Jazzy Jeff , his name comes from its resemblance to the sound of cartoon robots Transformers 1980s. “rescent” and placing a cut at the “orbit” of late sample (thus the opposite of the cut made by the “crescent” . This is one of the most common techniques used and the most combo ( Chirp-Flare , Crab-Chirp , Chirp-Twiddle , etc..) a .
Crab – Several DJ advise from “scratch” mode “hamster” for the crossfader open at the beginning AND the end of the crab . This technique involves placing four quick cuts snapping their fingers against the crossfader starting with the little finger and ending with the index finger (the thumb acting as a spring). Its inventor is DJ Q-Bert 2 .
Twiddle – Same technique as the previous one except that the middle and index fingers are used (the sound is similar to the “two clicks flare” )
1 click flare – This technique begins crossfader open. It involves placing a cut in the middle of the round or the return of a sample . If placed on the outward and return journeys, it is a “1 click orbit flare” . The flare was created by Dj Flare 3 .
2 clicks flare – Same technique as the previous one except that two cuts are placed on each round and each return (also available in 3 clicks 4 clicks.) 4 .
Bubble (Faderless / Hand Control) – Involves tapping the vinyl with your fingers to slow briefly when released from a sample . Which produces a sound of “bubbles” in the liquid (hence its name). To perform this technique on the back of the sample , both hands are needed (one “drag” the record backwards and the other the “tapping”).
Phasings or Stubs (Faderless / Hand Control) – Consists briefly hit the vinyl open with your thumb (on the other side of the center of the vinyl) and allows you to place one or more breaks or go on a trip (can be done with almost all the techniques to cut crossfader : The “Phasing 2 clicks flare” is a very common combo).
Woodpecker (Faderless / Hand Control) – Involves typing quickly on the wrist of the hand of dragging to get a sound modulation.
Laser (Faderless / Hand Control) – Consists of launch (with the middle finger) quickly and vinyl pace back and forth without leaving the sample , is often used in “Echoes” .
Tears (Faderless / Hand Control) – Consists of placing one or more stops (very course) on one or go back in and go to the same speed as before the shutdown. For example: A “Two clicks flare Tears” is to place two cuttings crossfader stops between each one or go back.
Beat Juggling or Pass-Pass (juggling beat ) – It’s not a scratch technique but a branch of Deejaying / Turntablism . This action is to recreate a different rhythm from several vinyl (same or not) by cutting, modulating and repeating portions of the samples originals. Before the use of vinyl “reverse”, the two plates had a clockwise direction. Since, according to preference and comfort and dj, we can see the left deck turn it counterclockwise and the right turntable rotate c
Kool Herc
(Redirected from DJ Kool Herc )
This article does not cite any sources (February 2010) .
If you have books or articles or reference if you know of quality websites on the topic discussed here, thank you for giving complete article useful references to its verifiability and linking them to the section “Notes and references ” . ( Amend section )
This article is an outline on hip-hop , the electronic music and a musician American .
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Kool Herc
Kool Herc (born April 16, 1955), whose real name is Clive Campbell, is a DJ in New York original Jamaican . It is truly the founding father of Hip-Hop corporate reputation management and is officially regarded by scholars as the first DJ in the history of Hip-Hop [ref. required] . It contributes to the birth of Hip-Hop in the West Bronx (1520 Sedgwick Avenue) in the early 1970s. He developed and popularized the technique of breakbeat [ref. needed] , air bed reviews giving the sample to be one of the founders of rap . Young quickly adopt this new musical style, which will become a true way of living in deprived areas of the United States . A new dance appears: the breakdance .
Biography
Kool Herc in 2009.
Born in Jamaica on April 16th 1955 , he left Kingston, Jamaica in 1967, where he officiated as DJ, and moved to New York while continuing to “toaster”. But in the early 1970s, he abandoned the reggae in favor of the funk , that begins to experience a serious success. DJ Kool Herc was the instigator in the Bronx around 1973 of the first Block Parties , meetings more or less improvised DJ’s. The first block party was held in the summer of 1973 when his sister asked him to play his records for his birthday party. Having repeated the experiment many times, and as his reputation grew in his neighborhood, Kool Herc then realized that the breakers raged literally breaks during battery of his records to funk, like the title “Apache “Incredible Bongo Band of his” secret weapon “as he described it in 2006. His stroke of genius was to make his run continuously breaks, a plate to another, so that breakers can bind their faces longer. Thus, he became the first DJ to mix two disks to create a new rhythm. The two MC’s DJ Kool Herc is called Coke La Rock and Clark Kent . The reputation of leading blocks parts more and more crowded, they now took place outdoors, and the electricity was diverted directly from a lamp or a generator public. Unfortunately for him, Kool Herc, assaulted with knives in the late 70s, does not always received the respect due to him, seeing regularly relayed behind Grandmaster Flash and Afrika Bambaataa.
From the book by Bruno Blum: The rap was born in Jamaica .
The hip-hop is a cultural movement and artistic appeared in the United States in New York , in the South Bronx in the early 1970s . Originally from the ghettos of black and Latino New York it will spread rapidly across the country and the world to become an important urban culture. Hip Hop culture knows several disciplines: rap (or MCing), the DJ , the break dancing (or b-boying), the graffiti , beatboxing. These disciplines, appeared before the Hip Hop, will be included from birth movement. It is still in its musical expression that is the best known and, therefore, often reduced to this one.
This musical expression itself is often called whole rap , which is also a shortcut to the extent that this term applies only to speech, punctuated and staccato, clean the MCing. Hip Hop music can indeed take many forms: either limit themselves to the beats of DJ ( Disc Jockey ), in which case the term rap is inappropriate. The term rap, let alone the term Hip Hop, can not be applied to slam. Slam unrelated to near or far with Hip Hop.
Summary [ hide ]
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 The origins
2.2 The Hip Hop in France
2.3 The Hip Hop in Belgium
2.4 The Hip Hop in Japan
2.5 The Hip Hop in Germany
2.6 The Hip Hop in Haiti
3 Modes of expression
3.1 The music
3.1.1 The deejaying
3.1.2 The report
3.1.3 The beatmaking
3.1.4 The human beatbox
3.1.5 The Hip Hop Soul
3.2 Dance
3.3 Graffiti
3.4 The style of dress
3.5 Women in the movement
4 values of the movement
4.1 The Hip Hop Declaration of Peace
5 The Hip Hop in the media
5.1 Print Media
5.2 Radio
5.3 Television
5.4 Internet
6 Bibliography
6.1 Books
6.2 Magazines
7 Filmography
7.1 Documentaries
7.2 Fictions
8 Notes and references
9 See also
10 Related Items
10.1 Variations of Hip Hop music
Etymology
The word “To hip” comes from “To hep” which means to be comfortable, be cool, free .. The word “to hop”, it means moving in the spirit Critical Illness Insurance of competition. (Hypothesis)
However, among the many possible assumptions, the most plausible, according to some, the fact evolve through intelligence ( hip slang meaning in American intelligence in the sense of resourcefulness and hop being the onomatopoeia of the jump hence the “intelligence that moves”).
An anecdote is expressed in the documentary Hip-Hop Legends: Pioneers of American rap : the etymology of the word Hip Hop could come in because of the way of some MCs rapping in parts of blocks. This refers particularly to a maxis lights dating from 1979 , Rapper’s Delight by Sugarhill Gang . Indeed, this is quite explicit listening especially first words of this song that truly resemble the syllables “Hip Hop”.
Another possible origin of the term “Hip Hop” could be from a member of the group Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, Cowboy, who allegedly used for the first time the term “Hip Hop” by teasing a friend who had just joined the U.S. Army. Indeed, he used a made up onomatopoeia words “hip / hop / hip / hop” in a jerky manner to mimic the rhythmic cadence of military marches performed by the soldiers. In short, all these are just assumptions …
History
Origins
Main article: Origins of Hip Hop .
Hip-hop fits in both continuity and rupture with the black American music . In obvious continuity because it is the distant descendant of complaints on living conditions of African Americans in the Bronx ( work songs , spirituals ), the tradition of improvisation appeared with ragtime and then jazz , and musical dialogues ( call and response ) present in the blues . More directly, Hip Hop music comes from the soul late (Gil Scot Heron), and funk ( James Brown , Isaac Hayes ), not to mention poetry / music offered in the early years of the Last Poets . This musical lineage North American is then crossed with the dub and sound systems Jamaican , tria laser hair removal who proposed instrumental versions of standards reggae played on the occasion of festivals organized in Jamaica, and arrived in the ghettos of New York in favor of high immigration from of this island – the three founding fathers of Hip Hop will be from elsewhere.
This is however out because it is not the result of “natural” evolution or “organized” the funk or other influences mentioned, invented by experienced musicians after a personal search (as was the case for the passage of jazz, blues, gospel to soul music , soul and funk) but the appropriation of this music by a young black disadvantaged, urban, and especially non-instrumentalist, outside the normal channels of music production. Unlike old styles of Afro-Americans who testified is incidental or diverted living conditions of the black American community, Hip Hop is as the very expression of these conditions and intends to “stick to the street “, that is to say, to follow the codes and relationships that govern the life of the ghettos.
Hence the inclusion of the music across the wider cultural mentioned above, and the attitude of hip-hoppers who keep the dress code of the street ( street wear ), the language of the ghetto (slang) and its values. Hence also, initially, the attachment of the hip-hoppers in their neighborhood (through the notion of representation), which means, positively, by a generally strong link with other hip-hoppers from the same place, expressed by the formation of collective ( crew , posse , squad , clan or click) or invitations to rap on one song ( featuring ), and negatively, by a rivalry with the hip-hoppers from other neighborhoods, speaking about it best by a healthy rivalry, at worst tensions ( diss ) set in the verses themselves. If this geographical division of Hip Hop tends to lose its relevance today, in favor of a division by “current” and “values”, the processes specified to express the relationship between hip-hoppers are the same. In fact, more than other musical genres, the evolution of Hip Hop is inseparable from the history of the relations of its various actors, that is to say a certain history of the American street.
Hip Hop music is not born overnight. Its emergence is inseparable from the Block Party , neighborhood parties organized in the streets of the ghetto, where they closed the street with cars or barricades to block traffic, and hosted by a DJ (Disc Jockey) who chained pieces disco, rock and funk especially on which participants danced. (That’s right from the start a few pieces of rock like the famous “The Mexican” by Babe cash advance Ruth was one of the playlists of Kool Herc cited below). Only the dancers complained that the pieces do not last long enough, and left them little time to develop their art. It is this desire to extend the beat that is born of raspberry ketone Hip Hop music. Clive Campbell, son of Jamaican immigrants installed in the neighborhood of South Bronx known by the pseudonym of Kool Herc , is the first to have the idea to connect two turntables ( turntables ), broadcasting the song shifted so that the rate given by the battery or extended.
The use of the word “music” remains highly controversial by some [who?] music lovers when it comes to defining hip-hop. The reason is that unlike other musical genres (classical, blues, rock, jazz, etc..), The Hip Hop movement can not use some instruments (such as drums, guitar, flute, violin, etc.) . Groups such as The Roots , however, are known for their organic instrumental accompaniment. Also under the influence of the emission unplugged MTV, many hip hop artists or groups have carried out acoustic concerts. Hip Hop has become increasingly popular in several countries, particularly in North America.
The Hip Hop in the U.S.
It was marked by Afrika Bambaataa , founder of the Zulu Nation and Grandmaster Flash, inventor of the method of turntablism who released the 1 st tube conscious rap said, “The Message” with his group The Furious Five in 1982 .
The Hip Hop in France
Hip Hop culture arrives in France in November 1982 , about ten years after its appearance in the U.S., touring with the New York City Rap widely circulated in Europe outside this culture. The graffiti began to spread across the hexagon from the year 1983, and particularly from the summer of 1984, where the first coins appear on the Seine, carried by the first French taggers Bando, Mode 2 , the CTK and BBC 1 . The rap and DJing began their ascent.
Hip Hop culture was popularized for the first time in France and spread throughout the country thanks to the host, DJ and musician Sidney , whose emission HIPHOP , broadcast on TF1 from January to December 1984 on television , was the first in the world entirely Hip Hop NB 1 , 2 . He was also the first black TV host in France NB 2 , 3 , Note 3 , a symbolic event extraordinarily strong for the World Hip Hop culture.
DJ Dee Nasty gave a second pulse to that culture later on his show on Hip Hop Radio Nova , but especially by organizing parties in the wild wasteland of La Chapelle (Paris). Compilations Rapattitude 1 and 2 also contributed to make him known. But it is in the early 1990s that Hip Hop is experiencing a broad public success on stage and disc, which will become a major player, thanks to the intervention group as Supreme NTM , IAM , Assassin , The Little , Ministère AMER , Fonky Family , or MC Solaar who leave their first records.
Most commercial rap broadens its popularity especially through radio. Radio Skyrock calling itself the “official radio” rap, followed by radio Generations 88.2 located on the Ile de France , will offer programming rap, RnB and Hip Hop as well as programs hosted by actors landscape Hip Hop French. Some see the interest shown by the media “dominant” mercantile and political recovery. However, artists are based on first principles of hip-hop, close to the original movement from New York, offering products called “Old-School”, outside the circuit current ( Oxmo Puccino , Akhenaten, D r Jazz Rocé, SI, etc..).
Currently, the Hip Hop is well established in France including the largest gathering of dance Hip Hop at the world ” Just Stand Up “which ran for its 10 th edition, Paris Bercy March 13, 2011, the ” Orleans Hip-Hop Contest “or” Hip Hop Championship “of Orleans , which took place in April 2011 in the city Johannique. Similarly, usually organized in Germany, the ” Battle of the Year International 2010 “held in the Arena of Montpellier.
The Hip Hop French is also based on the streetwear. Royal Wear, launched in 1999 by Sully Sefil then Com8 of Joey Starr has long been the spearhead of French streetwear. Today, the French brands struggle to win.
Paradoxically, while bringing together artists are among the largest sellers ( Booba , The Weasel , Rohff , etc..), the report suffers from a negative image in France. There is little represented in the mainstream media except by some artists ‘politically correct’ ( MC Solaar , the slammers Abd Al Malik and Grand Funk Railroad ). Brands like Adidas however, perceived the commercial potential of the new icons are rappers and integrate them into their communication strategy. By comparison, Adidas was sponsoring Run DMC in the late 1980s in the United States.
Main article: French Rap .
The Hip Hop in Belgium [ change ]
Main article: Hip-hop in Belgium .
It was marked in 1980 by the arrival of two groups: that of Benny B and that of BRC (Brussels Rap Convention). In the 1990s, Starflam is also a band that defined an era.
The Hip Hop in Japan
Main article: hip-hop in Japan .
Better known under the name of J-Rap, it means the Japanese hip-hop music.
The Hip Hop in Germany
Main article: The Hip Hop in Germany .
Also present on the German stage, Hip Hop was the kind adopted by several groups as Cora E. Schlüsselkind , Lady Tereza Freunde in , Cappuccino From fehlst mir , Spektacoolär Meine kleine Schwester , Basis , Wolf Der Frau aus Seide , Die Coolen Säue Es tut mir leid! , Creme de la creme Letzte Nacht , Funkleib Schlechter Sex or Die Vier Fantastischen are considered the pioneers of Hip Hop German.
The Hip Hop in Haiti
Main article: The Hip Hop in Haiti .
The hip-hop/rap Creole was born in the 1980s with Georges Lys Herard, known by the stage name Master Dji , father of the parent movement hip-hop/rap Creole in Haiti with her first song which was titled Vakans . followed by groups telque Original Rap Staff, Haiti Rap and Ragae, Super connection, King posse, Black Leaders, etc. Masters …
Modes of expression
Hip Hop culture has four main modes of expression:
Rap
The dejaying
The graffiti
Breakdance
The beatbox is a sub-branch of Hip Hop, he is affiliated with the rap and deejaying.
These art forms existed separately before the creation of Hip Hop. Gathered in the 1970s, they gave birth to a real state of mind with its own codes: values, attitudes, clothing style and urban cultures .
Music
Hip Hop music has two aspects: the production (also called “beatmaking”) and rap song (also called “emceeing” or “MCing” (MC, Master of Ceremony). The beatmaking can often be confused with the deejaying for the simple reason that both are part of the background music (or beat ) used by the MC to rap.
Deejaying
Main article: Disc Jockey .
Deejaying (or DJing, DJaying …) is to switch disks simultaneously, mixing and modifying them. The DJ uses for that variety of techniques such as scratching , the cutting , the Baby Scratch or the Crab .
Some DJs movement would become famous in the middle as Hip Hop Kool Herc , Afrika Bambaataa , Grandmaster Flash , Grand Wizard Theodore , or Jazzy Jay . Many DJs are now stars such as DJ Premier , former teammate of Guru in the group Gang Starr , DJ Craze , which won the tournament on the tournament, Dee Nasty , the first French DJ’s Hip Hop movement in the 1980s, and DJ Clue, who through his mixtapes was the first DJ in the Hip Hop scene to sell over one million records.
Rap
Main article: Rap .
Rap or MCing (or emceeing ) is a staccato vocals ( flow ) consists of words very often pictorial, rich in assonance and alliteration. Influenced by toasting and precursors in jazz or rock, he knows so successful that sometimes equates music hip hop to rap. TM is the name which means one who plays music or demonstrations, but also refers to rappers. The initials MC are in English pop up display Master of Ceremony or Microphone Controller . The first DJ’s encouraged the public who attended the festivities to dance. Nevertheless, one of them, Grandmaster Flash, was so busy passing his records and listen to him he soon became necessary to hire two friends to encourage the public to its place. Soon, the first rappers felt the urge to tell something more, and began to “drop knowledge” of the ghetto, their everyday life, etc..
The first rap groups had a party-oriented style, while the words were punctuated by onomatopoeic Old-School , more music by the greater presence then the DJ. Rap is evolving gradually towards a more conscious style with, first, “The Message” of Grandmaster Flash and Melle Mel . Later, with groups like Public Enemy ‘s speech became more radical. Then, finally, from several rappers from the local gangs product Gangsta Rap in the late 1980s.
A few years later that the style West Coast was unveiled to the public with the group Niggaz With Attitude (NWA) and their album Straight Outta get your ex back Compton , and groups such as Compton’s Most Wanted , Above The Law, South Central Cartel or Cypress Hill .
The first MC, or at least one who is regarded as such, is Coke La Rock 4 . Other rappers and rap suspension lift groups marking the beginnings of rap, can be cited: KRS-One , Grandmaster Flash , Run DMC , MC Hammer , Beastie Boys , LL Cool J , Sugarhill Gang , Big Daddy Kane , Afrika Bambaataa , Last Poets or even Public Enemy , and France: MC Solaar and the group IAM and NTM and Fonky Family .
The beatmaking
The beatmaking is often done using programs or specialized equipment, although at first the MC rapping over the instrumental of a song looped. The beat was therefore made from samples of disks. A beat can be divided into three sections: the bassline (the form that the bass in the instrumental), melody (the main line, one that will capture the attention), and the drumline (sounds of drums – “percussion” ), but creativity is required and no rules are set!
Several beatmakers prefer to use samples from various sources and mix them to create a melody, but it is equally possible to compose completely.
It retains among many beatmakers that influenced Hip http://www.insuranceforincomeprotection.co.uk/ Hop: DJ Premier, Pete Rock, Jay Dee, Rza, Dr. Dre, Timabaland, Scott Storch.
The human beatbox
Main article: Human beatbox .
The human beatbox represents several genres of music created house music using the voice, throat and nose. Invented by Doug E. Fresh , he has had great success in the 1980s before falling back to the late 1990s. One of the most famous is beatboxers Rahzel , formerly of The Roots , whose most famous song is If your mother only knew (the album Make The Music 2000 ) allied “the beat and the chorus at the Same Time” ( “the beat and the voice at the same time”).
Like other disciplines of Hip Hop, beatboxing knows resonance warming, Killa Kela in the United Kingdom, Saian Supa Crew to Ezra in France, the Austrians Bauchklang . Many competitions are made each year either in France or elsewhere.
The Hip Hop Soul
Main article: Hip Hop Soul .
Related article: List of artists and historical depth article on the English .
A genre in itself, born of the merger between singing soul or R’n'B and Hip Hop music, which is the junction of the New Jack Swing and nu soul (or neo soul). Mary J . Blige door and since its inception as the “Queen of Hip Hop Soul” and also Erykah Badu that is nicknamed “Queen of Neo-Soul”.
Dance no no hair removal reviews
Main article: Breakdance .
Hip Hop dance appears with breakdancing , a dance floor characterized by its acrobatic and figures and is based in part funk styles ( Locking , Popping and Boogaloo ). The term comes from the media breakdance, the correct term for speaking of this dance is the b-boying. The dancers are also called breakers or B-Boys (B-Girls for the dancers), the B meaning “Beat”. New styles have emerged as the dance house , the new style , the hooba lumps , the step-up or the krump.
The funk styles , older than the b-boying , and hip hop in general, are still considered to belong also to dance Hip Hop.
These dances, mainly breakdancing, are punctuated by numerous battles and violence is not physical but artistic, or out winner of the “conflict” the best of both. The battles can also be group against group, and the best will in the most prestigious competition for breakdancers: Battle Of The Year (BOTY).
Today may be cited as B-Boys the best known: Focus, Casper, Gassama, Darkness, Junior, Madjid (Fatal Attraction), Physicx, Hong10, Lilou, Sonic, Baek, Cico Pelezinho or the side of B -Girls: Hurricane, Valentine, Anne, Sun Baby, Lil-star, Sarah Bee, Manuela and 7TA, and dancers / dancers: Lil Steph (Flying Steps), Dzindzine, Rickysoul. In terms of groups (or crews ): Rock Steady Crew, Aktuel Force, Black Blanc Beur , Vagabonds Crew, Fatal Attraction, Melting Force, Gamblerz Crew Jinjo Crew, Flying Steps, Extreme Crew, Phase T, Pockemon Crew Wanted , Figure Style, 59Krew, Toz Crew, Legiteam Obstruxion, last read more of the story here 4 one, Top 9, Ekeevoks Crew, Crew and United Ghetto Blaster, Gamblers, Smokemon, Pro phenomen, Fantastic Armada, Main Source.
Graffiti
Main article: Graffiti .
A truck “graffed” in Paris .
The graffiti is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the urban landscape. Graffiti allows the graffiti (or graffiti artist ) to regain its environment, and to mark its furniture. Usually done using spray cans, its practice requires skill and training and is a true artistic technique. This involves many visual concepts (stylization, geometrization, balance, etc..) But is also related to other arts ( computer graphics , photography , comics , etc..)
As an art form, graffiti is also carrying a message of rebellion and liberation.
We must distinguish graffiti throw-up and tag. Graffiti is art that is to realize the can of paint or lettering complex representations of such characters. One can speak of “throw-up” (flop) for graffiti in two colors (one for rapid dental assistant career filling and not necessarily perfect and another for the outline (outline) form usually rounded or letters easily Medical Coding legible) acting signature. The tag is in a sense, the signature may be either associated with a graffiti ‘or be a single trace left on a wall or corner of a bus stop. Nevertheless, it should not be considered a separate act. A tag is “single line”, it is simply a write, the more often a pseudonym, stylized.
The clothing style
The Hip Hop clothing style is not static, it evolves over time. It has influenced fashion since its inception and throughout its evolution (as all disciplines Hip Hop for that matter). For a good majority of people listening to music in Hip Hop 90-00 years with dress pants or baggy jogging type, baggy jeans usually worn on the buttocks (or below middle) common among men . The shoes are usually worn sneakers, but also hiking boots, like branded shoes Timberland or Caterpillar . Wearing a hat, cap or bandana is also common. The consistent style sometimes tilt to the side or back. Some also wear gold-plated chains and / or money, called Bling-Bling (sound emitted by rattling chains). For sweaters and most often they wear loose shirt and wide.
This fashionable dress is generally seen in the community as widespread within the Hip Hop movement. However, this trend of wearing clothes large tends to disappear, many rappers drop the large baggy, pants for tighter and t-shirt size. Many say Hip Hop brands like Rocawear, Southpole Two Angle or markets pants also more crowded [ref. required] .
Women in the movement
Although Hip Hop was first invested by a male environment, women have made, particularly in music, a revival side lyrical , but also in terms of flow and topics of the songs. Thus, they have gradually managed to get a place, despite an obvious numerical inferiority.
However, the image of women in the landscape of rap is generally unflattering, next to some music videos where they are often scantily clad, thus highlighting an important sexism. This is especially obvious in the Hip Hop mainstream where clips from MTV (and others) play a lot with sexist imagery such as “sluts who wash cars.” While the lyrics of rap underground, although they are often sexist (including making use of a homophobic vocabulary), also evokes the “sisters” and business email lists their specific condition (domestic violence, maternity, parlors, etc..). A conception of solidarity today’s Hip Hop excluded acclaimed by the mainstream media but found, for example, in LIM and rappers that could occur (especially in the album Female Rap O , or in ‘solo album Mik’ya , Verda).
In the U.S., female rappers such as Elena Demilly , Baptist Beugniet , Eve , Heather B , Bahamadia , Jean Grae , Missy Elliot , MC Lyte , Lauryn Hill , The Lady Of Rage have shown that women of Hip Hop have nothing to envy the men, some part of male-dominated groups ( Ruff Ryders , The Fugees , Digable Planets). In France , include the rappers Saliha (compilation ” Rapattitude flight. 1 “, his two albums” Unique “in 1992, and” Definitely Male “in 1994), B Love (maxi ” Lucia “and” Rapattitude flight. 2 ” ), Melissa Kaulitz , Lady Laistee , Co Strausz , Casey (close to the band The Rumour ), Keny Arkana , Diam’s , Ek-tomb (including a cousin of 2BAL), Sista Cheefa (former editor of the fanzine Yours, and that marked minds, although it has officially released a single title, “The flames of anger” on the compilation ” Lab’Elles “, initiated by Barclay in 1996), Princess Aniès … The latter group is also part of duo-mixed, The Specialists . Dorea , aka SisDee , the ” Lady Jazzamufin “although based singer (jazz, soul, reggae …), also raps, and claims to be part of Hip Hop.
The values of the movement
Main article: Universal Zulu Nation .
Some [who?] , the Hip Hop movement would bring the message of Afrika Bambaataa and the Zulu Nation [ref. needed] who advocated the values: “Peace, Love, Unity and Having Fun” (which James Brown will be the title of one of his songs) is “peace, love, unity and having fun” but also respect for others and the unity of peoples. Hip Hop is a culture of peace, advocating pluriracialité, despite the negative image that outsiders have conveyed by some rap groups [ ref. desired] .
There are more than an implicit content in each discipline: self-transcendence. Indeed, whether in dance, graffiti blucigs art or music, the performer is invited to improve to get better results every time, more satisfying, and push his own boundaries further each time. 5
These universal values are to the historical origins of Hip green smoke coupon Hop movement, although the extent and diversification of the movement certainly makes it difficult, today, an overall analysis of values.
In addition to these messages encouraging the advancement of self, the universal values of Hip Hop may also be sought in the capacity of Hip Hop to change, in turn, society. In France, one manifestation of the ability of Hip Hop to change society is the advent of the first black TV host in France, milestone; This is Sidney , whose emission HIPHOP was also first in the world entirely Hip Hop NB 2 .
The Hip Hop Declaration of Peace
On 16 May 2001 , 300 Hip Hop activists, including KRS-One , presented to the UN in New York the “declaration of peace of Hip Hop” ( The Hip Hop Declaration Of Peace ) 6 free ipad 3 , 7 . His first principle defines Hip Hop as a term describing an independent collective consciousness .
The declaration begins with these words:
“The Declaration of Peace Guide Hip Hop Hip Hop culture of violence to liberty, and establishes advice and protection for the existence and development of the international community Hip Hop. Through the principles of the Declaration of Peace Hip Hop, we, the Hip Hop culture, are a foundation of health, love, conscience, wealth, peace and prosperity for ourselves, our children and their grandchildren, forever. To clarify the meaning and purpose of Hip Hop, or the intention of Hip Hop is in question, or when disputes arise between the parties regarding the Hip Hop, the Hip Hoppers have access to the advice of this document The Declaration of Peace Hip Hop, as guidance, counseling and protection. ” 6 .
The Hip Hop in the media
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Many newspapers and magazines, worldwide, have reported the culture of Hip Hop, for example, Ego trip or URB in it.
In France, the magazine of hip-hop and rap have been many: the Poster, RER, Radikal, Get Busy (Magazine) , The Source (magazine) , Groove Magazine, Rap Mag Rap Us, 5styles Don ‘ t Stop Rap Addict, Rap Planet … All these have now disappeared. Are still relevant magazines such RAP R & B and DA VIBE. Followed a wave of free media, the net or on paper.
For other titles, see also the Wikipedia Category: Press dedicated to Hip Hop.
Radio
The first show of Hip Hop radio is Mr. Magic’s Disco Showcase on WHBI 105.9 FM in New York City , circa 1979 4 .
In France, free radio stations appeared in 1981, when the first term of Francois Mitterrand . The first DJ ever to play French rap is the funk DJ of the era such as Sidney (Radio 7) and Dee Nasty (Carbon 14), followed by Cut Killer among others. Radio Nova will be the reference radio for Hip Hop . In the mid-1990s, radio stations called “generalists” such as Skyrock , is then “captured” this movement, the gradual reduction in its most “mainstream”.
Radios as Generations (radio) , Plural Paris Frequency (in Paris) or booster (in Toulouse) offer more specialized programs on the subject. Radio libertarian issue with Wake Hip Hop (including broadcasting of political rap ).
With the advent of internet, many new issues are born between 2005 and 2010. Fan of Hip Hop and webzines have launched their own media, such as Hip Hop Session and his eponymous show or Welcome To The G Point on Common Radio Wave 8 .
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